In the current era Optical fiber is basic part of
communication. Optical fibers are made of silica. They are transparent and have
very small diameter as like human hair. They play a important role in
communication throughout the world. We use optical fiber in regularly, telephone
calls, Internet and etc. Optical fibers are needed in place of metal wires
because signals go along them with minimum loss and are also safe to
electromagnetic interference.
Optical fibers process as transmitting light from one side
to another side of the fiber, same as to the process of flow through a optical
fiber pipe. Using optical fibers, data will be transmitted over longer
distances and at higher speed, related to other forms of communication
technologies. The basic advantage of using fibers is that the interference
losses and path losses associated with signal transmission are very low in
comparison to metal wires.
The basic element of an optical fiber is the transparent
core at the core which is bunched in a cladding material that has a minimum
refractive index. This, by a process known total internal reflection, allows
the light or ray to remain inside the core without getting refracted out of the
pipe surface. There are two special forms of optical fibers; multi-mode and single-mode.
Single-mode fibers only hold single propagation path, while multi-mode fibers
on the other hand give multiple transverse channels or propagation paths for
data packet transmission. Single mode fibers are required in long distance
communications. Whereas, multi-mode fibers are usually required for short range
communications, and for applications with a high rate of power transmission.
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