Development of photochemical smogs in urban areas

Part -1:

1. What is acid deposition, and what atmospheric constituents related to human activities are involved in acid deposition?

2. Define pH. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution with a pH of 5.6?

3. What observations led a large group of scientists in the 1950s and 1960s to become concerned about the problem of acid deposition?

4. What role do temperature inversions play in the development of photochemical smogs in urban areas?

5. What are the major natural and anthropogenic sources of VOCs and to the atmosphere?

6. Explain how the natural cycle of ozone in the troposphere is disrupted by anthropogenic emissions of VOCs and NOx.

7. What are some effects of tropospheric ozone accumulation on human health and ecosystems?

Part -2

1. What types of data records are used to provide information on historical climatic change?

2. Describe the three orbital parameters that affect climate on the time scale of Pleistocene glacial-interglacial change.

3. How might the conveyor belt circulation pattern of the ocean have changed between the LGM and the modern ocean..........

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