Various
factors including vagal tone, body position, blood volume and depth of respiration
control the input to the heart. The heart responds by pumping blood into the
arterial circulation.
The amount
per beat in ml. is called the stroke volume (SV). The total cardiac output is
the stroke volume multiplied by the heart rate.
The total cardiac output increases with the exercise, depending on the
efficiency of the system, up to about 30 ltr/minute in a well conditioned
athlete.
An individual’s
ability to increase cardiac output is the most important factor limiting the
ability to increase physical work capacity.
Heart Rate Formula
It has been
shown and assumed that a healthy 20 years individual would be able to maximize his
cardiac output attaining a heart rate of 220/min. It declines by 10 points for
every decade in advancing age. This is considered as maximum heart rate
attainable during maximum exercise and termed as maximum heart rate (MHR).
However, if the subject can attain 85 per cent of MHR it is considered for
practical purpose to have achieved adequate exercise and termed as target heart
rate (THR). Hence, in a deconditioned subject one thrives to achieve THR rather
than MHR.
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