Nuclear-Fusion, Fission

Physics Assignments, Nuclear Physics

Nuclear fusion

It occurs when two light nuclei unite or fuse together to form a heavy nucleus.

To carry out nuclear fusion, the temperature should be of the order of 10⁷K.

Such a reaction is called thermal nuclear fusion reactions.

In stars, where the temperature is 10⁸ K, another cycle known as proton carbon cycle takes place

11H + 126C --> 137N +y

42He + 42He + 42He --> 126C

137N ---> 136C + 01e + v

The process continues until A = 56 (iron). The elements heavier than iron can be produced by neutron absorption and subsequent β decay.

11H + 136C --> 147N +y

11H + 147N --> 158O + y

158O --> 157N + +10e + v

11H + 157N --> 126C + 42He
Nuclear fusion in laboratory Lawson criterion nτ≥ 10¹⁴ s-cm where n is the density of interacting particles and τ is time of confinement. The quantity nτ is called Lawson number. Lawson showed that in order to achieve energy output > energy input or nτ ≥ 10¹⁴ s – cm^-3

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