Boyle’s law p ∝ (1 / V) or PV = constant
Charles’s law of pressure
P ∝ V2rms or P ∝ T. V2 rms ∝ T
Avogadro’s law at the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases cons tin equal number of molecules.
Graham’ law of different when two gases at the same pressure and temperature are allowed to diffuse into each other, the rate of diffusion of each gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the density of the gas
r1 / r2 = √P2 / p1
Diffusion coefficient D = 1 / 3 Ā V average
Dalton’s law of partial pressure the pressure exerted by a mixture of several gases equals the sum of the pressures exited by each gas occupying the same volume as that of the mixture.
P = P1 + P2 + …….
V average = √8KT / πm = √(8 RT) / π M
V most probable = √2KT /m = √2RT/ M
Maxwell’s speed distribution
dN = 4 πN [ m / 2πKT]3/2 v2 e –mv2 / 2KT dv
Van der Waal’s equation of state
[P + a / V2] (V – b) = RT (for one mole)
Or [P + n2 {a / V2}] (V – nb) = nRT for n moles
V critical = B, P critical = a / 27b2.
T critical = 8a / 27 RB = 8 / 27 Tn
Where Tn is boyle’s temperature and TB = a / RB
Relative humidity
Vapour pressure of air = Saturated vapour pressure at the same temperature OR Saturated vapour pressure at dew point OR Saturated vapour pressure at air temperature
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1˚C (14.5˚C to 15.5˚C) at a pressure of 1 atm is called a calorie.
Specific heat capacity (c) it is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of substance by 1˚C
C = ∆Q / m ∆θ [∆θ-----> rise in temperature].
Latent heat it is the amount of heat required to change the state of unit mass of a substance from liquid to vapour or solid to liquid without changing the temperature. It in latent heat of vaporization (liquid ---> vapour).
Latent heat of fusion of ice (water) = 80 calg-1L = ∆Q / M
Latent heat of vaporization of water = 537 calg-1
Practically taken to be 540 calg-1.
Heat of sublimation amount of heat required to convert a solid (unit mass) directly to vapour (gas).
Hoar frost is reverse of sublimation. Freezing of clouds is an example.
Regulation is the melting of ice under pressure and its resolidification when pressure is removed. Variation of melting point in solids and baling point in liquid. (TK) is given by
dp / dt = JL / TK (V final – V initial)
Mechanical equivalent of heat,
1 calorie = 4. 186 j
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Charles’s law of pressure
P ∝ V2rms or P ∝ T. V2 rms ∝ T
Avogadro’s law at the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases cons tin equal number of molecules.
Graham’ law of different when two gases at the same pressure and temperature are allowed to diffuse into each other, the rate of diffusion of each gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the density of the gas
r1 / r2 = √P2 / p1
Diffusion coefficient D = 1 / 3 Ā V average
Dalton’s law of partial pressure the pressure exerted by a mixture of several gases equals the sum of the pressures exited by each gas occupying the same volume as that of the mixture.
P = P1 + P2 + …….
V average = √8KT / πm = √(8 RT) / π M
V most probable = √2KT /m = √2RT/ M
Maxwell’s speed distribution
dN = 4 πN [ m / 2πKT]3/2 v2 e –mv2 / 2KT dv
Van der Waal’s equation of state
[P + a / V2] (V – b) = RT (for one mole)
Or [P + n2 {a / V2}] (V – nb) = nRT for n moles
V critical = B, P critical = a / 27b2.
T critical = 8a / 27 RB = 8 / 27 Tn
Where Tn is boyle’s temperature and TB = a / RB
Relative humidity
Vapour pressure of air = Saturated vapour pressure at the same temperature OR Saturated vapour pressure at dew point OR Saturated vapour pressure at air temperature
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1˚C (14.5˚C to 15.5˚C) at a pressure of 1 atm is called a calorie.
Specific heat capacity (c) it is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of substance by 1˚C
C = ∆Q / m ∆θ [∆θ-----> rise in temperature].
Latent heat it is the amount of heat required to change the state of unit mass of a substance from liquid to vapour or solid to liquid without changing the temperature. It in latent heat of vaporization (liquid ---> vapour).
Latent heat of fusion of ice (water) = 80 calg-1L = ∆Q / M
Latent heat of vaporization of water = 537 calg-1
Practically taken to be 540 calg-1.
Heat of sublimation amount of heat required to convert a solid (unit mass) directly to vapour (gas).
Hoar frost is reverse of sublimation. Freezing of clouds is an example.
Regulation is the melting of ice under pressure and its resolidification when pressure is removed. Variation of melting point in solids and baling point in liquid. (TK) is given by
dp / dt = JL / TK (V final – V initial)
Mechanical equivalent of heat,
1 calorie = 4. 186 j
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