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Real Gas PVT |  Chemistry Assignment Help The PVT behaviour of real gases can be described by empirical modifications of PV = nRT. So far, the PVT behaviour of gases has been presumed to follow Boyle’s law, to be a basis for an absolute temperature scale, and to confirm to Avogadro’s hypothesis. All this is summarized by conformity to the ideal-gas equation PV = nRT. When measurements are extended to higher pressures, or even when very accurate measurements are made at ordinary pressures, the results do not confirm to Avogadro’s hypothesis. All this is summarized by conformity to the ideal-gas equation PV = nRT. When measurements are extended to higher pressures, or even when very accurate measurements are made at ordinary pressures, the results do not confirm to this equation. The ideal-gas laws are not followed. Any actual gas exhibits, to some extent, deviations from the ideal-gas laws. When these deviations are recognized, the gas said to behave as a real, non-ideal or imper...

What is Permutations Consider the simple problem of placing three balls colored red, blue, and white in 10 boxes numbered 1, 2, 3….. 10. We want to know the number of distinct ways in which the balls can be placed in the boxes, if each box can hold only one ball. Let us place the ball one at a time, beginning with the red ball, then the blue boxes, the blue ball can be placed in any of the eight remaining boxes, the total number of distinct ways to place these balls is 10 × 9 × 8 = 720. The result of this numerical example can be generalized immediately: Suppose we are to place r distinctly colored balls in n distinctly numbered boxes with the condition that a box only one ball. Since the first ball can be placed in any one of the n boxes, the second ball can be placed in any one of the remaining (n – 1) boxes, …., and the rth ball can be placed in any one of the remaining (n –r + 1) boxes, the total number of distinct ways to place the balls is n(n – 1) (n -2) …. (n – r + 1) which...

Basic Terminology A directed graph G is defined abstractly as an ordered pair (V, E), where V is a set and E is a binary relation on V. As was pointed out before, a directed graph can be represented geometrically as a set of marked points V with a set of arrows E between pairs of points. The elements in V are called the vertices, and the ordered pairs in E are called the edges of the directed graph. An edge is said to be incident with the vertices it joins. For example, the edge (a, b) is incident with the vertices a and b. Sometimes, when we wish to be more specific, we say that the edge (a, b) is incident from a and is incident into b. The vertex a is called the initial vertex, an the vertex b is called the terminal vertex of the edge (a, b). An edge that is incident from and into the same vertex, like (c, c) is called a loop. Two vertices are said to be adjacent if they are joined by an edge. Moreover, corresponding to an edge (a, b), the vertex a is said to be adjacent to the ver...

Financial Statements Financial statements are the final product work done during the accounting period which shows the financial positing and result of business activities for that accounting period. These statements are the basis and formal means through which the corporate management communicated finical information to various external users which include investors, tax authority’s government employees etc Nature of financial statements  (i) Recorded facts financial statements are prepared on the basis of facts recorded in the book of account  (ii) Accounting conventions preparation of financial statements is based on certain accounting conventions such as convention of valuing inventory at cost or market price whichever is less is followed. (iii) Postulate/basic assumption certain basic assumptions (per –requisites) known as postulates such as going concern postulate money measurement postulate are followed while preparing financial statements. (iv) Personal judgments...

Market Product Development Market development Market development is the growth strategy where the business seeks to sell existing products into new markets. In marketing management, the term “markets” is used to describe market segments as wll as geographic markets or territories. Hence the many possible ways of approaching this strategy, would include: (a) New geographical markets: for example exporting the products to a new country, or entering into a new region within the country. MTR foods have found a very lucrative market of NRI diasporas all over the world, homesick for indian food, to whom it markets a variety of ready to eat indian meals.’ (b) Enter a new market segments currently not targeted. The recent introduction of fairness creams for men has helped companies like Emami and HLL enter a large and profitable market segment. (c) New product dimensions or packaging: for example almost all products from shampoos to shoe polish are marketed in sachet single serve pa...

Foreign Trade Gains In a relative sense, larger the country smaller would be the gains form trade and the smaller he country larger would be the proportion of gains enjoyed. A large country’s resources are well utilised with the economics of scale on account of big domestic market and its labour is more efficient comparatively on account of technical improvements, so the domestic production costs of practically all goods will be lower as compared to other small countries. Hence, its domestic prices will not be very different from the world market prices. Gains from trade will be large only when domestic exchange ratios are very high as compared to the international exchange ratios of goods. But, for a large and economically well-advanced country, when it dominates the world market as well its domestic exchange ratios at the most will only slightly differ from the world exchange ratio, then, there is hardly any differ nail gains realist for foreign trade by such a county on the other h...

 Contribution of Quantitative Techniques to Managerial Economics   Mathematical Economics and Econometrics are utilised to construct and estimate decision models useful in determining the optimal behaviour of a firm. The former helps to express economic theory in the form of equations while the latter applies statistical techniques and real world data to economic problems. Like, regression is applied for forecasting and probability theory is used in risk analysis. In addition to this, economists use various optimisation techniques, such as linear programming, in the study of behaviour of a firm. They have also found it most efficient to express their models of behaviour of firms and consumers in terms of the symbols and logic of calculus. Thus, Managerial Economics deals with the economic principles and concepts, which constitute 'Theory of the Firm'. The subject is a synthesis of economic theory and quantitative techniques to solve managerial decision problems. It is rn...